منتدى ملائكه الرحمه
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| | Diabetes Mellitus - part 1 | |
| | كاتب الموضوع | رسالة |
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رشروشه Admin
عدد الرسائل : 4030 العمر : 36 العمل/الترفيه : المدير السٌّمعَة : 4 نقاط : 982 تاريخ التسجيل : 02/04/2008
| موضوع: Diabetes Mellitus - part 1 الجمعة 17 أكتوبر 2008, 22:09 | |
| Introduction Of the 15 million Americans who have Type II diabetes, more than a third are unaware of it. Another 21 million Americans have a greater than 50/50 chance of developing the disease because they have impaired blood-sugar metabolism. This year alone more than 187,000 people will die of Type II diabetes, also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), making it the sixth leading cause of death by disease. Each day, over 2,200 people are diagnosed with this chronic life debilitating, expansive, and pro-aging disease.
What is Diabetes? Glucose is a simple sugar found in food. It is an essential nutrient that provides energy for the proper functioning of the body cells. After meals, food is digested in the stomach and the intestines into glucose and other nutrients. The glucose in digested food is absorbed by the intestinal cells into the bloodstream, and is carried by blood to all the cells in the body. However, glucose cannot enter the cells alone. It needs assistance from insulin in order to penetrate the cell walls. Insulin therefore acts as a regulator of glucose metabolism in the body.
Insulin is called the "hunger hormone". As the blood sugar level increases following a carbohydrate rich meal, the corresponding insulin level rises with the eventual lowering of the blood sugar level and glucose is transported from the blood into the cell for energy. When the blood glucose levels are lowered, the insulin release from the pancreas is turned off. When the blood sugar level drops below a certain level, hunger is felt. This often occurs a few hours after the meal. In normal individuals, such a regulatory system helps to keep blood glucose levels in a tightly controlled range. Cravings for sweets frequently form part of this cycle, which can lead to snacking, often for more carbohydrates. If the cravings are not fulfilled, sensations such as hunger, dizziness, moodiness, and a state of "collapse" can result.
This system of auto regulation and homeostasis is the function of the pancreas and it works around the clock. Dysfunction of this auto regulation system - either inability of the pancreas to secrete any or insufficient insulin, or pancreas overload from too much sugar ingested over a long period of time, or over compensatory mechanism, or a combination of these, results in the lack of insulin, and hence high blood sugar. This is the hallmark of diabetes mellitus (commonly called diabetes)
Two Types of Diabetes Mellitus Type I diabetes mellitus is also called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or juvenile onset diabetes mellitus. It is an autoimmune disease in which the pancreas produces no insulin at all, and the patient relies on insulin medication for survival. Type I diabetes tends to occur in young, lean individuals, usually before 30 years of age. Approximately 10% of the patients with diabetes mellitus have IDDM. There is no cure for this type.
Type II diabetes mellitus is also referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or adult onset diabetes mellitus (AODM). It is a metabolic disorder resulting from the body's inability to make enough, or properly use, insulin. 90% of all Diabetes Mellitus are of Type II. Type II diabetes mellitus occurs mostly in individuals over 40 years old. The incidence of type II diabetes increases with age. Unlike type I diabetes mellitus, 80% of type II diabetic patients are obese. Type II diabetes mellitus also has a strong genetic tendency.
It is nearing epidemic proportions, due to an increased number of elderly people, a greater prevalence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In type II diabetes, patients can still produce insulin, but do so inadequately. The pancreas in these patients not only produces an insufficient amount of insulin, but also releases insulin late in response to increased glucose levels. Some type II diabetics have body cells that are resistant to the action of insulin (Insulin Resistance). Finally, the liver in these patients continues to produce glucose despite elevated glucose levels.
Type II diabetes once hardly ever struck before middle age, and the older you are the more at risk you are. Now it is striking younger people.
Symptoms of NIDDM The early symptoms of untreated diabetes mellitus are related to elevated blood sugar levels, and excretion of it to the urine. High amounts of glucose in the urine can cause increased urine output and lead to dehydration. Dehydration causes increased thirst and water consumption. Some untreated diabetic patients also complain of fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Patients with diabetes are prone to developing infections of the bladder, skin, and vaginal areas. Fluctuations in blood glucose levels can lead to blurred vision. Extremely elevated glucose levels can lead to lethargy and coma (diabetic coma).
The most unrecognized symptom of NIDDM is weight gain. High insulin levels prohibit the release of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that informs the body to slow down eating. Without serotonin, there is a tendency to overeat, which then leads to a spiral of excessive sugar intake. A viscous cycle of hyper-insulinemia resulting in insulin resistance is set up. This in turn creates a "carbohydrate addict" whose craving for a higher sugar intake continues to increase. The same dietary factors that cause NIDDM lead to obesity. Eating refined carbohydrates such as sugar, or carbohydrates that easily converts into sugar such as yam, potato, or rice, creates more glucose than the body can handle. Excess glucose then gets stored as fat. As diabetes sets in, so does lethargy and inactivity, contributing further to the vicious cycle of weight gain and worsening of diabetes.
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| | | رشروشه Admin
عدد الرسائل : 4030 العمر : 36 العمل/الترفيه : المدير السٌّمعَة : 4 نقاط : 982 تاريخ التسجيل : 02/04/2008
| موضوع: رد: Diabetes Mellitus - part 1 الجمعة 17 أكتوبر 2008, 22:13 | |
| Diagnosis of Diabetes
The fasting plasma glucose test is the standard and preferred way to diagnose diabetes. Normal fasting plasma glucose levels are less than 110 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). If the overnight fasting blood glucose is greater than 126 mg/dl on two different tests on different days, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is made. Random blood glucose alone is seldom used because it is not reliable.
Fasting blood sugar can be performed using a simple home blood sugar (glucose) testing kit. Many doctors also take the hemoglobin A1C level. This is a test to measure of the overall effectiveness of blood glucose control over a period of time (two months). Elevated hemoglobin A1C levels indicate a poor overall control of blood sugar.
Complications of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes:
Insulin is vital to patients with type I diabetes. Without insulin, patients with type I diabetes can develop severely elevated blood sugar levels. This leads to increased urine glucose, which in turn leads to excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes in the urine. Lack of insulin also causes the breakdown of fat cells, with the release of ketones into the blood. Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Without prompt medical treatment, patients with diabetic acidosis can rapidly go into shock, coma, and even death. With proper treatment, the symptoms can be reversed rapidly, and patients can recover remarkably well.
Type 2 Diabetes:
Short term complications are normally due imbalance of sugar level in the body as a result of:
A. Severely high blood sugar levels due to a lack of insulin. Symptoms are similar to that of Type 1 Diabetes described above.
B. Abnormally low blood sugar levels due to too much insulin or other glucose-lowering medications. Low blood sugar can lead to nervous system symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, weakness, and tremors. Untreated, severely low blood sugar levels can lead to coma and irreversible brain death.
Long-term complications are related to blood vessel diseases. Diabetes causes diseases of the small vessels, which can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart.
Four major areas are involved:
A. EYE. Each year about 24,000 people lose their sight because of diabetes. Diabetes is the main cause of blindness in adult. Eye complications of diabetes (diabetic retinopathy) occur in patients who have had diabetes for at least 5 years. Disease in these blood vessels also causes the formation of small aneurysms (micro aneurysms), and new but brittle blood vessels (neovascularization). Spontaneous bleeding from the new and brittle blood vessels can lead to retinal scarring and retinal detachment, thus impairing vision. Approximately 50% of patients with diabetes will develop some degree of diabetic retinopathy after 10 years of diabetes, and 80% of diabetics have retinopathy after 15 years of the disease.
B. Kidney damage from diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. Kidney disease usually occurs approximately 10 years after the onset of diabetes. Each year, about 28,000 people initiated treatment for end stage renal disease (kidney failure) because of diabetes. The progression of nephropathy in patients can be significantly slowed by controlling high blood pressure, and by aggressively treating high blood sugar levels.
C. Nerve damage in diabetes (diabetic neuropathy) is also caused by small blood vessel disease. Symptoms of diabetic nerve damage include numbness, burning, and aching of the feet and lower extremities. Seemingly minor skin injuries should be attended to promptly to avoid serious infections. Diabetic nerve damage can affect the nerves, which are important for penile erection, causing impotence. Diabetic neuropathy can also affect nerves to the intestines, causing nausea, weight loss, and diarrhea. About 60-70% of people with diabetes have mild to sever form of diabetic nerve damage. The risk of a leg amputation is 15-40 times greater for a person with diabetes. Each year, more than 56,000 amputations are performed among people with diabetes.
D. Heart Disease and Strokes. Patients with diabetes are 2-4 times more likely to have heart disease, which is present in 75 percent of diabetes-related death (more than 75,000 deaths due to heart disease annually). Diabetic patients are also 2 to 4 times more likely to suffer a stroke. Diabetes also accelerates the hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) of the larger blood vessels, leading to coronary heart disease (angina or heart attack), strokes, and pain in the lower extremities because of lack of blood supply.
Diabetic men were more than twice as likely to die of all causes compared with men without diabetes. As blood glucose increased, the risk of dying climbed higher regardless of age, weight, blood pressure, cholesterol and smoking status.
Researchers estimated that a reduction in blood glucose by just 0.1 per cent could reduce mortality rates by about five per cent in western countries.
Importance of Tight Blood Sugar Control
An aggressive and intensive control of elevated levels of blood sugar in patients with diabetes is absolutely essential. Studies have shown that in intensively treated patients, diabetic eye disease decreased by 76%, kidney disease decreased by 54%, and nerve disease decreased by 60%.
Aggressive control with intensive therapy means achieving fasting glucose levels between 70-120 mg/dl; glucose levels of less than 180 mg/dl after meals; and a near normal hemoglobin A1C levels.
Not only will you feel better, stay healthy, and have more energy. You will also live longer.
Type II Diabetes - Curable?
Diabetes is a disease that has become prevalent only in the past 100 years. Before then, when everyone ate whole foods and sugar intake was moderate, diabetes was hardly a problem. It's a simple of matter of supply and demand. If the ingestion of grain products and refined sugars exceed the demand, the body is put into high gear to rid itself of the excess sugar. Diabetes is resulted when this process carries on for an extended period of time and ultimately fails. No other disease state can be cured as easily as NIIDM.
All you have to do is to reduce the supply of sugar to the body to a moderate level without sacrificing energy production. The secret lies not in avoiding carbohydrates as the most common source of sugar. The key is knowing what kind of carbohydrate to eat and which kind to avoid
عدل سابقا من قبل رشروشه في الجمعة 17 أكتوبر 2008, 22:16 عدل 1 مرات | |
| | | رشروشه Admin
عدد الرسائل : 4030 العمر : 36 العمل/الترفيه : المدير السٌّمعَة : 4 نقاط : 982 تاريخ التسجيل : 02/04/2008
| موضوع: رد: Diabetes Mellitus - part 1 الجمعة 17 أكتوبر 2008, 22:15 | |
| Diabetes Protocol
Attention
Because of tremendous individual variation, the use of nutritionals should therefore be personalized for your body. One person’s nutrient can be another person’s toxin. If you have a specific health concern and wish my personalized nutritional recommendation, write to me by clicking here.
The major goal in treating diabetes mellitus is controlling elevated blood sugars (glucose) without causing abnormally low levels of blood sugar. Type I diabetes mellitus is treated with insulin, exercise, and a diabetic diet. Type II diabetes mellitus is treated with concurrent employment of nutritional supplements, a low glycemic index diet to control blood sugar level, and exercise. If these measures fail to contain the elevated blood sugars, oral medications and insulin need to be considered.
1. Key Nutritional Supplements
A VARIETY OF NUTRIENTS AND HERBS can help offset the toll diabetes takes on your body. Supplements cannot, however, reverse the disease by themselves. Incorporating these minerals and vitamins can help to normalize blood sugar. If you already have diabetes or suspect you might have it, consult a health care practitioner before taking any supplements.
A. Chromium:.
Chromium is an essential trace mineral nutrient. Like iron, zinc, selenium, copper, and several other essential trace minerals, chromium plays a critical role in maintaining normal health and well-being.
Chromium helps insulin work efficiently. Many well controlled clinical studies through the years and the majority show blood glucose improvements in the patients tested.
Important studies include one from the Human Nutrition Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture conducted in 1996. Researchers in the study randomized 180 adult-onset diabetics into 3 groups of 60 each: one group received placebo twice per day, the second received 100 mcg twice daily of chromium as chromium picolinate and the third received 500 mcg of chromium as chromium picolinate twice daily. Their blood work was examined at baseline, at 2 months and at 4 months. The patients were told to remain on their anti-diabetic medications and continue with their diets and activity levels as before. The results were impressive: blood glucose, insulin levels, cholesterol and Hemoglobin A1C all decreased, with the higher dose generally (but not always) more effective than the 200 mcg.
Dietary Intake of Chromium
Few foods are rich sources of chromium in the Western diet, the best being organic meats, mushrooms, wheat germ, broccoli and processed meats. Data from U. S. Government sources show that the great majority of Americans get less chromium in their daily diets than the amount recommended by nutrition experts. The RDA Committee recommends 50-200 mcg of chromium/day; the vast majority of Americans get less than 50 mcg/day. It is estimated that as many as 80% of all Americans are deficient in this mineral and may not know it.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to get enough chromium by food alone without excessive calories and obesity. To obtain 200 mcg by food alone, one has to take in over 8,000 calories a day. A large part of the problem has to do with processed food and the increase consumption of sugar. The modern American consumes an average of 120 pounds of sugar per year from all sources. These ingested sugars (such as table sugar and products made with it) bring insulin and chromium into the blood and cause chromium to be excreted in the urine after it's through working with the insulin on the increase in blood sugar.
Inadequate chromium intake from processed food, increased chromium losses due to increased sugar consumption, decreasing chromium tissue levels as we age are the main reasons why the majority of Americans and diabetics are deficient in chromium. Studies show an improvement in blood sugar in significant numbers of diabetics and pre-diabetics with modest chromium supplementation. It should, however, take place alongside the two other proven ways of normalizing sugar: low-fat, high complex-carbohydrate of low glycemic index type diets for weight loss/weight maintenance and regular exercise.
Assessment of Chromium Status
Deciding whether or not someone is chromium deficient cannot be done easily. Routine blood tests are generally not accurate. The only generally accepted method for the assessment of chromium status is to supplement an individual who has abnormalities of either blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides or all three with the trace element. If the laboratory values improve, then chromium insufficiency is presumed.
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| | | | Diabetes Mellitus - part 1 | |
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